2099-T83/2060-T8異質(zhì)鋁鋰合金攪拌摩擦焊搭接界面結(jié)構(gòu)與力學(xué)性能INTERFACE STRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FRICTION STIR WELDING JOINT BETWEEN 2099-T83/2060-T8 ALLOYS

采用攪拌摩擦焊(FSW)對厚度為2 mm的2099-T83與2060-T8鋁鋰合金進(jìn)行搭接。利用OM和SEM等分析技術(shù)探討攪拌頭轉(zhuǎn)速和攪拌針長度對搭接接頭界面結(jié)構(gòu)與力學(xué)性能的影響。結(jié)果表明，2099-T83/2060-T8搭接接頭焊縫區(qū)可觀察到明顯的結(jié)合界面，焊縫區(qū)顯微硬度低于母材，且在熱機(jī)影響區(qū)與焊核區(qū)的過渡區(qū)硬度值最低。當(dāng)攪拌頭轉(zhuǎn)速由600 r/min增加到800 r/min，且攪拌針長度由3 mm減小至2.5 mm時，界面形貌由光滑界面轉(zhuǎn)變成“鋸齒狀”咬合界面，焊縫區(qū)結(jié)合界面形貌主要受攪拌針長度影響?！颁忼X狀”咬合界面搭接接頭平均破壞載荷為654 N，比光滑結(jié)合界面形貌的搭接接頭承載能力提高了110%。搭接接頭均斷裂在底部母材2060-T8側(cè)熱機(jī)影響區(qū)與焊核區(qū)的過渡區(qū)，斷裂特征為韌-脆混合斷裂?！颁忼X狀”咬合界面搭接接頭經(jīng)150℃，保溫20 h人工時效處理后，焊縫區(qū)顯微硬度有所提升，接頭承載能力較未經(jīng)人工時效處理的降低了20%，斷口呈現(xiàn)脆性斷裂模式。

Aluminum-Lithium alloys are widely applied in aircraft structures owing to their unique properties, such as low density, high strength and stiffness, outstanding low temperature performance, corrosion resistance and superplasticity. 2099-T83 and 2060-T8 are two new aluminum-Lithium alloys which have great potential to fabricate the fuselage panels of aircraft. The application of traditional fusion welding on joining aluminum-Lithium alloys is limited by cavity, high thermal stress, high thermal strain and low joint strength produced during melting and solidification. Friction stir welding (FSW) is an innovative solid-state joining technology. Compared with traditional fusion welding, FSW is capable of achieving high-quality welded joint in similar or dissimilar high-strength aluminum alloys due to its excellent performance, such as low energy consumption, low stress and strain, fewer metallurgical defects and distortion under reasonable processing parameters. Weld nugget zone (WNZ), thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) and external heat affected zone (HAZ) will be produced in the FSW joint. The micromorphologies and bonding interface among WNZ, TMAZ and HAZ have a significant effect on mechanical properties of welding joint. In this research, lap joints of 2099-T83 and 2060-T8 aluminum-lithium alloy with 2 mm thickness were achieved by FSW. The interface microstructure of joints obtained by employing different tool rotation speeds and pin lengths was characterized by OM and SEM. The results showed that the obvious bonding interface was observed in the weld zone, and the bonding interface changed from smooth to zigzag with the rotation speed raising from 600 r/min to 800 r/min and pin length decreasing from 3 mm to 2.5 mm. In addition, micro-hardness of the weld zone was lower than the parent metal, and the lowest micro-hardness appeared in the transition region between the thermo mechanically affected zone and the weld zone (WZ). The results of peel tests showed that the average failure load of joint with serrated bonding interface was up to 654 N, which is 110 percent higher than that with the smooth bonding interface. The failure occurred in the transition zone between the TMAZ and WZ of the 2060-T8 side, and the toughness-brittleness fracture mode appeared. Furthermore, the microhardness of the weld zone improved, while the failure load of the FSW joint with serrated bonding interface decreased 20 percent under artificial aging treatment with the temperature of 150 ℃ and the holding time of 20 hours. The brittleness fracture mode existed in this condition. The pin length had a great effect on the morphology of bonding interface and mechanical property of welded joint.

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